Dermatology

Paronychia (Nail Fold Infection)

Understanding infections and inflammation around the fingernails or toenails.

What is Paronychia?

Is the skin around your nail red, swollen, or painful? Learn about paronychia — a common nail fold infection that can be acute or chronic.
Paronychia is an infection or inflammation of the skin surrounding the nail, often caused by bacteria, fungi, or yeast. It can occur suddenly (acute) or develop gradually over time (chronic), especially with frequent exposure to moisture. Early treatment helps prevent abscess formation and protects nail growth.

Common Symptoms

  • Redness, swelling, and tenderness around the nail
  • Warmth and pain at the nail edge or cuticle
  • Pus-filled blister or drainage (in acute cases)
  • Thickened or distorted nail plate (in chronic cases)
  • Nail separation or slow growth

When to see a dermatologist

  • Pain, swelling, or redness worsens despite home care
  • Pus or discharge develops near the nail
  • Multiple nails become affected
  • You have diabetes or a weakened immune system
  • The condition keeps recurring or lasting more than six weeks

Early detection is important for managing the condition and preventing further complications.

Schedule a consultation today.

Causes and Risk Factors

  • Bacterial infection from nail biting or hangnails
  • Chronic exposure to water or irritants
  • Fungal infection (Candida species)
  • Poor nail hygiene or aggressive manicuring
  • Occupational exposure (cleaners, healthcare, food service)

Diagnosis and Tests

  • Visual and physical examination of the affected area
  • Culture of pus or nail debris to identify bacteria or fungi
  • Assessment of medical history and exposure risks
  • Evaluation for chronic inflammatory skin conditions
  • Blood tests if systemic infection is suspected

Treatment Options

  • Warm soaks to reduce swelling and promote drainage
  • Topical or oral antibiotics for bacterial infections
  • Antifungal creams or oral medications for chronic fungal cases
  • Drainage of abscess if pus is present
  • Protective care — avoid moisture and harsh chemicals, keep nails dry

Doral Health & Wellness Skin Health Department

Doral Health & Wellness Dermatology offers comprehensive skin care services for all ages and skin types. Our expert dermatologists provide personalized care for various skin conditions, including acne, eczema, psoriasis, and skin cancer. We offer advanced treatments and cosmetic procedures to help you achieve healthy, radiant skin.

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